Mouse Secondary Antibodies
Biotium Endoglin / CD105 (ENG/1621), Biotin conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
CD105/Endoglin is a Type I membrane glycoprotein located on cell surfaces and is part of the TGF-beta receptor complex. This protein has been found on endothelial cells, activated macrophages, fibroblasts, and smooth-muscle cells. Endoglin has a role in the development of the cardiovascular system and in vascular remodeling. Its expression is regulated during heart development. CD105 is highly expressed in endothelial cells during tumor angiogenesis and inflammation, with weak or negative expression in vascular endothelium of normal tissues. Angiogenesis is a promising prognostic marker in a variety of tumors. Endoglin is a more specific and sensitive marker for tumor angiogenesis than CD31 or CD34, as it labels only newly-formed blood vessels and may serve as a prognostic marker for prostate adenocarcinoma, and cancers of the lung, stomach, breast, and brain.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer
Biotium S100A4 (Marker of Tumor Metastasis) (S100A4/1481), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
S100A4 belongs to the S100 super-family of proteins containing 2 EF-hand calcium-binding domains. S100 genes include at least 25 members, including S100A1-S100A18, trichohyalin, filaggrin, repetin, S100P, and S100Z. S100A4 exerts its function via direct interaction with a number of proteins including P53, P63, non-muscle myosin IIA, alpha-6/beta-4 integrin, and liprin b1. S100A4 is overexpressed in highly metastatic cancers, which makes it useful as a marker of tumor progression.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium CD11c (Dendritic Cell Marker) (ITGAX/1284), CF740 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This antibody recognizes a protein of 145 kDa, identified as CD11c. CD11c (ITGAX), a member of the leukointegrin family, shares the same beta subunit with other members of the leukocyte adhesion molecule family, which includes CD11a (LFA-1), CD11b (MAC-1) and CD11d (ITGAD), but has a unique alpha chain. CD11c has been shown to play a role in phagocytosis, cell migration, and cytokine production by monocytes/macrophages as well as induction of T-cell proliferation by Langerhans cells. CD11c is expressed prominently on the plasma membranes of monocytes, tissue macrophages, NK cells, and most dendritic cells (DCs). A lower level of expression is also observed on neutrophils as a result of its high level of expression on most DCs. An antibody to CD11c may aid in identification of lesions with histiocytic origin. It may also been used as a marker for hairy cell leukemia in paraffin-embedded tissues.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes
Biotium CDX2 (GI Epithelial Marker) (CDX2/2951R), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
The intestine-specific transcription factors CDX1 and CDX2 are important for directing intestinal development, differentiation, proliferation and maintenance of the intestinal phenotype. CDX2 protein expression has been seen in GI carcinomas. Anti-CDX2 has been useful to establish GI origin of metastatic adenocarcinomas and carcinoids and is especially useful to distinguish metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma from lung adenocarcinoma. However, mucinous carcinomas of the ovary also express CDX2 protein. It limits the usefulness of this marker in the distinction of metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma from mucinous carcinoma of the ovary.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher
Biotium VISTA / GI24 (Negative Regulator of Immune Response)(VISTA/3006), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
VISTA / GI24 is a transmembrane protein expressed in bone, on embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and on tumor cell surfaces. On ESC s, Gi24 appears to positively interact with BMP-4, potentiating BMP signaling and the transition from an undifferentiated to a differentiated state. On tumor cells, Gi24 both promotes MT1-MMP expression and activity and serves as a substrate for MT1-MMP. This increases the potential for cell motility. Mature human Gi24 contains a 162aa extracellular region with one V-type Ig-like domain and a 96aa cytoplasmic domain. Human Gi24 undergoes proteolytic cleavage by MT1-MMP, generating a soluble 30 kDa extracellular fragment plus a 25-30 kDa membrane-bound fragment. VISTA is a negative checkpoint regulator and is expressed on myeloid cells, T-cells and human TILs (tumor infiltrating lymphocytes) on MDSCs (myeloid-derived suppressor cells) in the TME (tumor microenvironment). It is very likely both a ligand and receptor and is a promising target for cancer i
Biotium C1QB / Complement C1q B-Chain(C1QB/2961), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Complement C1q B Chain (C1qb) is a subunit of C1q. C1q is composed of 6 polypeptide chains each of C1qa, C1qb, and C1qc. C1q is a component of the classical complement pathway, and thereby plays an important role in the immune response. Each C1q subunit contains an N-terminal collagen-like region and a C-terminal C1q globular domain. The presence of receptors for C1q on effector cells modulates its activity, which may be antibody-dependent or independent. Macrophages are the primary source of C1q, while anti-inflammatory drugs as well as cytokines differentially regulate expression of the mRNA as well as the protein. C1q deficiency is associated with lupus erythematosus and glomerulonephritis. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets,
Biotium Neurofilament (NF-L) (Neuronal Marker) (NEFL/2983R), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This MAb reacts with a 68 kDa protein, identified as light sub-unit of neurofilaments (NF-L). Neurofilaments make up the main structural elements of axons and dendrites and are found in neurons, peripheral nerves, and sympathetic ganglion cells. Neurofilaments consist of three major subunits with molecular weights of 68 kDa (NF-L), 160 kDa (NF-M) and 200 kDa (NF-H). Anti-neurofilament stains a number of neural, neuroendocrine, and endocrine tumors. Neuromas, ganglioneuromas, gangliogliomas, ganglioneuroblastomas, and neuroblastomas stain positively for anti-neurofilament. Neurofilaments are also present in paragangliomas as well as adrenal and extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas. Carcinoids, neuroendocrine carcinomas of the skin, and oat cell carcinomas of the lung also express neurofilament.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluores
Biotium ALK (Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase) / CD246(ALK1/2766R), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
The wild-type anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) protein is a 200 kDa transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase. Its expression is restricted to a few scattered cells in the nervous system (some glial cells and neurons, and a few endothelial cells and pericytes). ALK has been found to be rearranged, mutated, or amplified in a series of tumors. The hybrid gene, NPM-ALK, created by the t(2;5)(p23;q35) chromosomal translocation, encodes part of the nucleolar phosphoprotein nucleophosmin (NPM), joined to the entire cytoplasmic portion of ALK. As a consequence, the ALK gene comes under the control of the NPM promoter, which induces a permanent and ubiquitous transcription of the NPM-ALK hybrid gene, resulting in the production of a 80 kDa NPM-ALK chimeric protein. This translocation is found in anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCL). Reportedly, expression of ALK indicates a better prognosis. Approximately 5%-10% of non-small cell lung carcinomas also express ALK protein, producing a c
Biotium Gastrin(GAST/2632), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Gastrin, is a hormone that normally formed by mucosal cells in the gastric antrum and by the D cells of the pancreatic islets. Its primary function is to stimulate secretion of HCl by the gastric mucosa. HCl, in turn, inhibits gastrin formation. It also responsible for stimulating smooth muscle contraction and increasing blood circulation and water secretion in the stomach and intestine. Gastrin is regulated by epidermal growth factor in both mice and humans. Gastrin is excreted in excess by pancreatic tumors in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Gastrin-Releasing Peptide (GRP) stimulates the release of gastrin as well as other gastrointestinal hormones and also acts as an autocrine growth factor for certain cell types. High levels of GRP are found in the human lung just after birth and levels decrease thereafter in parallel with the observed disease in a number of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells. GRP is known to promote lung tumorigenesis in model systems. Primary antibodies are
Biotium CD47 / IAP (Integrin Associated Protein)(CD47/3019), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This antibody reacts with Ig domain of CD47 protein. CD47, originally named integrin-associated protein (IAP), is a 50 kDa protein containing five membrane-spanning sequences and a short cytoplasmic tail. CD47 plays a role in both cell adhesion by acting as an adhesion receptor for THBS1 on platelets, and in the modulation of integrins. It is important in memory formation and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. CD47 may play a role in membrane transport and/or integrin dependent signal transduction. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium Aldo-keto Reductase Family 1 Member B1 (Adrenal Marker)(CPTC-AKR1B1-2), 1mg/mL
Aldo-keto Reductase Family 1 Member B1 (AKR1B1), also known as aldose reductase or aldehyde reductase, is a member of the aldo/keto reductase superfamily, which consists of more than 40 known enzymes and proteins. This protein catalyzes the reduction of a number of aldehydes, including the aldehyde form of glucose, and is thereby implicated in the development of diabetic complications by catalyzing the reduction of glucose to sorbitol. It has also been shown to have decreased expression in adrenocortical cancer, and possibly play a role in adrenal tumorigenesis. It has been suggested that AKR1B1 could be investigated as a marker of malignancy for adrenal tumor diagnosis. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have
Biotium Arginase 1 (Hepatocellular Carcinoma Marker) (ARG1/1126) , Biotin conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This antibody recognizes a protein of 35-38 kDa, which is identified as Arginase 1 (ARG1). Arginase is a manganese metallo-enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of arginine to generate ornithine and urea. Arginase I and II are isoenzymes which differ in subcellular localization, regulation, and possibly function. Arginase I is a cytosolic enzyme, which is expressed mainly in the liver as part of the urea cycle, whereas arginase II is a mitochondrial protein found in a variety of tissues. Antibodies to Arginase 1 label hepatocytes in normal tissues and granulocytes in peripheral blood. Arginase 1 is a sensitive and specific marker for identification of hepatocellular carcinoma.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have
Biotium MUC6 (Mucin 6 / Gastric Mucin)(MUC6/1553R), 1mg/mL
The MUC6 gastric mucin is a secreted glycoprotein that plays an essential role in epithelial cyto-protection from acid, proteases, pathogenic microorganisms, and mechanical trauma in the gastrointestinal tract. Mucin 6 expression is highest in the stomach and gall bladder, with lower expression in the terminal ileum and right colon. In gastric cancer, Mucin 6 has an altered expression. In normal stomach, Mucin 6 is associated with Lewis type 2; Mucin 6 is also expressed in gastric metaplasia, duodenum and pancreas. Mucin 6 is a secretory mucin, located in the deeper mucosal folds of human gall bladder, and its expression is altered with increasing degrees of inflammation.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have
Biotium ER-beta-1 (Estrogen Receptor beta-1)(ESR2/3005), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Estrogen receptors (ER) are members of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors. Estrogen receptors, including ER-alpha and ER-beta, contain DNA binding and ligand binding domains and are critically involved in regulating the normal function of reproductive tissues. They are located in the nucleus, though some estrogen receptors associate with the cell surface membrane and can be rapidly activated by exposure of cells to estrogen. ER-alpha and ER-beta are differentially activated by various ligands. Receptor-ligand interactions trigger a cascade of events, including dissociation from heat shock proteins, receptor dimerization, phosphorylation and the association of the hormone activated receptor with specific regulatory elements in target genes. Evidence suggests that ER-alpha and ER-beta may be regulated by distinct mechanisms even though they share many functional characteristics. Primary antibodies are available purified, o
Biotium Desmoglein-2 (DSG2) (8E5), Biotin conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This antibody recognizes a protein of 165 kDa, identified as Desmoglein-2 (DSG2). This monoclonal antibody This antibody recognizes the extracellular domain of human desmoglein-2. Desmoglein-2 is a member of the desmosomal cadherin family. Desmosomes are intercellular adhering junctions that represent cell surface attachment sites for intermediate filament. Desmocollins and desmogleins are the main desmosomal transmembrane proteins. Desmogleins consist of Dsg1, Dsg2, Dsg3, and Dsg4 isoforms. Within the desmosome, the extracellular domain of desmoglein is essential for calcium dependent heterophilic binding to the desmocollins, whereas the intracellular domain is essential for binding to the desmosomal plaque protein, plakoglobin. Human Desmoglein-2 is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein of 1117 amino acid (aa) residues with a 23 aa signal peptide and a 25 aa propeptide. It differs from other classic cadherins by having four instead of five cadherin repeat domains in its extra